Participatory governance in multi-level context

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Governance has evolved from a niche concept to a widely discussed topic in policy-making and public discourse, though its interpretation remains contested. Debates often arise over whether "governance" signifies the privatization of government functions or the inclusion of diverse actors in policy-making without undermining public authorities. A clearer understanding of governance is essential, particularly regarding the changing arrangements and actors in Europe and their implications for democracy and legitimacy. This understanding is crucial amidst the challenges facing European policy-making and institutions, influenced by societal and economic transformations, EU enlargement, and a shifting global landscape. The need for enhanced comprehension of governance is recognized in various national and international research initiatives, reflecting a collective European effort. Research on "governance and citizenship" has begun within European Community programs, particularly under the Key Action "Improving the socio-economic knowledge base" of the 5th Framework Research Programme, and will continue to receive support in the 6th Framework Programme, focusing on "Citizens and governance in the knowledge-based society."