The first Opium War and its impacts on China

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The paper explores China's isolation from Western trade prior to 1839, focusing on the strict regulations governing interactions at the only permitted port, Canton. It examines the limitations placed on Western merchants, including their restricted residency, family presence, and direct contact with Chinese officials. The study delves into the historical context and reasons behind China's decision to maintain such a closed trade policy, highlighting the complexities of Sino-Western relations during this period.