Fundamentalism

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Since the end of the Cold War, fundamentalism has been viewed as a major threat to world peace, a notion solidified by events like September 11th and ongoing conflicts in the Middle East. This book is the first to delve into the true nature of both secular and religious fundamentalism globally, showcasing its various forms. It examines Christian, Islamic, Jewish, Buddhist, and Hindu sects, providing a comprehensive analysis of the historical, social, religious, political, and ideological contexts that shape these movements. The author, Malise Ruthven, argues that fundamentalism is a complex term that resists simple definitions. Originally coined by American Protestant evangelicals in the 1920s, its meaning has broadened to encompass radical conservatives and ideological purists across various domains, not limited to religion. Fundamentalism includes Islamic radicals and militant Israeli settlers, as well as Sikh, Hindu, and Buddhist nationalists who invoke divine authority to support their political agendas. While Ruthven acknowledges some commonalities among different fundamentalist movements, particularly regarding national identity and gender issues, he questions the term's overall usefulness. As a leading commentator on Islam, Ruthven writes with clarity and engagement, guiding readers through this intricate and crucial topic in today's world.