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This guide offers essential insights for those new to linguistic fieldwork, covering all stages from preparation to result presentation. It emphasizes practical techniques and methodologies, making it an invaluable resource for aspiring linguists. The book aims to equip readers with the tools needed for effective data collection and analysis, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of the fieldwork process.
Although Daniel Everett was a missionary, far from converting the Pirahas, they converted him. He shows the slow, meticulous steps by which he gradually mastered their language and his gradual realisation that its unusual nature closely reflected its speakers' startlingly original perceptions of the world. He describes how he began to realise that his discoveries about the Piraha language opened up a new way of understanding how language works in our minds and in our lives, and that this way was utterly at odds with Noam Chomsky's universally accepted linguistic theories. The perils of passionate academic opposition were then swiftly conjoined to those of the Amazon in a debate whose outcome has yet to be won. Adventure, personal enlightenment and the makings of a scientific revolution proceed together in this vivid, funny and moving book.
Is it in our nature to be altruistic or evil, to create art, use tools, or develop language? Daniel L. Everett argues that human nature, as commonly understood, does not exist. He challenges major trends in Evolutionary Psychology, asserting that humans are hardwired only for freedom: freedom from evolutionary instincts and the ability to adapt to diverse environments and cultures. Through years of field research with the Pirahã people of the Amazon, Everett scrutinizes various cognitive theories, including Noam Chomsky's universal grammar, Freud's unconscious forces, and the concept of psychic unity by Adolf Bastian, as well as ideas from evolutionary psychologists like Leda Cosmides and Steven Pinker. By examining the unique features of the Pirahã language, he illustrates how culture shapes thought and highlights its role in cognitive flexibility. He proposes a view of the cultural self as a collection of experiences linked by memories, values, knowledge, and social roles, rather than biological instincts. This perspective reveals the "dark matter of the mind" and suggests that our greatest evolutionary adaptation is our capacity for adaptability itself.
In his groundbreaking new book Daniel Everett seeks answers to questions that have perplexed thinkers from Plato to Chomsky: when and how did language begin? What is it? And what is it for?Daniel Everett confounds the conventional wisdom that language originated with Homo sapiens 150,000 years ago and that we have a 'language instinct'. Drawing on evidence from a wide range of fields, including linguistics, archaeology, biology, anthropology and neuroscience, he shows that our ancient ancestors, Homo erectus, had the biological and mental equipment for speech one and half million years ago, and that their cultural and technological achievements (including building ocean-going boats) make it overwhelmingly likely they spoke some kind of language.How Language Began sheds new light on language and culture and what it means to be human and, as always, Daniel Everett spices his account with incident and anecdote. His book is convincing, arresting and entertaining.
Like other tools, language was invented, can be reinvented or lost, and shows significant variation across cultures. It's as essential to survival as fire - and, like fire, is found in all human societies. Language presents the bold and controversial idea that language is not an innate component of the brain, as has been famously argued by Chomsky and Pinker. Rather, it's a cultural tool which varies much more across different societies than the innateness view suggests.Fusing adventure, anthropology, linguistics and psychology, and drawing on Everett's pioneering research with the Amazonian Pirahãs, Language argues that language is embedded within - and is inseparable from - its specific culture. This book is like a fire that will generate much light. And much heat.
Эта книга предлагает инновационные идеи от ведущих психологов, нейробиологов и философов, которые радикально увеличивают наше понимание человеческого мышления. Темы, рассматриваемые в книге, могут удивить многих, но в то же время будут непонятны для других. Она содержит термины и концепции, которые могут значительно изменить многие представления о мышлении. Это новое знание решает множество старых загадок и открывает целостный взгляд на все возможности мышления внутри нас.
Книга "Как начинался язык" предлагает читателю оригинальную, развернутую историю языка как человеческого изобретения - от возникновения нашего вида до появления более 7000 современных языков. Автор оспаривает популярную теорию Ноама Хомского о врожденном языковом инстинкте у представителей нашего вида. По мнению Эверетта, исторически речь развивалась постепенно в процессе коммуникации. Книга рассказывает о языке с позиции междисциплинарного подхода, уделяя большое внимание взаимовлиянию языка и культуры, а также особенностям мозга, позволившим человеку заговорить. Охотники за окаменелостями и лингвисты приблизили нас к пониманию, как появился язык, открытия Эверетта перевернули современный лингвистический мир, прогремев далеко за пределами академических кругов.
