High redshift galaxies

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High-redshift galaxies emerged as a distinct research field in the late 20th century, facilitated by the Lyman-break technique, which enabled the identification of significant samples, and the advent of 8 to 10-meter telescopes that provided quality spectroscopic data. Today, these galaxies represent a crucial topic in astrophysics, comprising 5–10% of publications in major astronomy journals. The rapid development of this field, coupled with the constant influx of new results, makes writing a comprehensive book challenging. However, the vast amount of existing research and the ongoing interest in high-redshift galaxies justify the need for a summary and evaluation of the available data. This serves as an introduction for newcomers or those interested in the findings. The end of the first decade of the 21st century is an opportune moment for such a summary, as the current generation of ground-based optical telescopes, the Hubble Space Telescope, and key large radio telescopes have been operational for about one to two decades. While these instruments will continue to yield significant scientific results, many initial programs that utilized their unique capabilities have now been completed.