Graphene Improved Lead Acid Battery

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The research focuses on enhancing Lead Acid Batteries (LAB) for applications in HEVs and power storage by incorporating tailored graphene-based additives. The study reveals that Graphene Oxide (GO-PAM) significantly improves discharge capacity and cycle life, achieving the highest utilization rate of 41.8%. Comparatively, chemically converted graphene (CCG-PAM) offers better charging performance but shorter cycle life. The findings also detail the electrochemical interactions that optimize ion transfer within the gel zone, contributing to the improved performance of these modified batteries.