Biosensors for environmental diagnostics

Biosensors integrate microelectronics with the selectivity and sensitivity of biological components like cells, organelles, and biomolecules, enabling the detection of specific substances in the environment. They play a crucial role in monitoring industrial emissions from sectors such as textiles, cellulose, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. This innovative approach not only enhances measurement technology but also supports informed political decisions. Currently, disturbances in water bodies are often detected by chance, relying on traditional physico-chemical techniques that may only identify substances after pollution peaks have passed, making it difficult to hold responsible parties accountable. Fast, continuous measurement systems like biosensors are essential for cost-effective, event-related water sampling, helping preserve evidence. Additionally, biosensors can identify biological effects, including genotoxicity and immunotoxicity, with signal sequences and peak values serving as critical indicators for water protection. Understanding the distribution of warning signals over time and space in aquatic ecosystems is vital for early recognition of water health, enabling the development of new strategies for effective water management.