The role of visual representations in astronomy

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Astronomy relies heavily on nonverbal representations, as most celestial objects are only visible through the light or radiation they emit. Throughout history, images have been crucial, from prehistoric moon sketches to ancient star charts, and from medieval celestial maps to modern photographs and spectrograms. Both two-dimensional images and three-dimensional models have been integral to the field. Technical charts and graphs, such as the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram and light curves of variable stars, further illustrate this relationship. Recent advancements have led to stunning images from ground-based telescopes, satellite observatories, and deep space probes. However, the connection between science and imagery is complex. Questions arise regarding the accuracy of these visual representations and the challenges in translating observations into graphic forms. The pursuit of improved representational techniques and resolution can impact research practices, and technological advancements play a significant role. Additionally, the collaboration between astronomers and graphic specialists, including illustrators and photographers, is vital for effective communication. This collection of papers, presented at a conference in 1999, addresses these themes and is aimed at those interested in visual representations and the history of astronomy.