Agents and victims

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This study examines both the agents and victims of persecution, focusing on critical issues in contemporary refugee law. Non-governmental and gender-related persecution is a leading topic in national, international, and European political discussions, particularly in the context of harmonizing refugee law. It raises essential questions about how the international community should respond to threats not directly from the State but from office bearers, quasi-State authorities, private agents, and family members. The adequacy of refugee law in protecting women and homosexuals from gender-related persecution is scrutinized, with discussions rooted in moral and legal considerations. The Association for the Study of the World Refugee Problem (AWR) presents findings from international, multidisciplinary research on this topic, outlining various approaches and highlighting insights from international and European law. The study includes analyses of laws and policies from countries such as Australia, Austria, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom in separate chapters. While it may not provide definitive answers, it offers valuable background information for those seeking equitable solutions to these pressing issues.