Wood modification with different types of silicon compounds

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This study investigates silicon-containing formulations for solid wood modification, focusing on Scots pine and beech. Various systems were evaluated, including amino silicone emulsions, quaternary ammonium silicones, silane/siloxane, silicone-wax, and silicate formulations. Water-based solutions and micro-emulsions with functional groups were found most effective for full impregnation, while macro-emulsions suited surface applications. Notably, silicones with a higher degree of amino-group functionalization enhanced resistance to fungal degradation, particularly against brown rot. Quaternary amino-silicon compounds also provided significant protection against staining fungi, inhibiting mold and blue stain colonization. Modified Scots pine samples showed delayed decay likely due to reduced colonization. Analytical techniques indicated that silicone systems penetrated the wood matrix, though penetration was limited by wood pore sizes and silicone particle sizes. Dimensional stabilization improved by up to 35% with micro-emulsions. Silicone modification maintained or slightly decreased water vapor absorption compared to untreated wood, while offering good protection against liquid water uptake. Long-term tests confirmed effective protection against water and discoloration, with mechanical properties largely unchanged. However, treated wood exhibited poor paintability and moderate fire protection. This innovative approach to wood