ISCS 2013

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This book is the result of the "ISCS 2013: Interdisciplinary Symposium on Complex Systems," held in Prague, a city renowned for its historical significance in science and art. The symposium continues a tradition of exploring complex systems, taking place in a city that has inspired many great minds. During the reign of Rudolf II, Prague became a hub for intellectuals, attracting figures like Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler, and Albert Einstein, who made groundbreaking contributions to mathematics and physics. Kepler formulated two of his laws of planetary motion here, based on Brahe’s observations. In the 19th century, Bernard Bolzano developed nowhere differentiable continuous functions and wrote “Paradoxes of Infinity.” Christian Doppler, while teaching at the Technical University, introduced the Doppler effect. Albert Einstein, during his tenure at the German University, made significant strides toward his theory of general relativity. Additionally, Prague has been a creative haven for philosophers and writers; for instance, playwright Karel Čapek coined the term "robot," derived from the Czech word "robota," meaning "forced labor." This rich intellectual heritage underscores the city’s role as a center for innovation and thought.