Review zu den Perspektiven der ländlichen Versorgung

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Background: Demographic changes and the rise of chronic diseases, coupled with complex care needs, pose challenges to health policy in Germany, particularly in rural areas where medical care is insufficient. Collaboration among physicians and healthcare professionals is crucial, supported by innovative healthcare models and new professional roles, as managing chronic illnesses and elderly care demands more than acute treatment. Objective: This review examines international strategies for recruiting healthcare professionals to mitigate shortages in rural regions and discusses new roles and innovative healthcare structures. Methods: A literature review was performed using a comprehensive search strategy in PubMed and Scopus, focusing on studies from 1990 to 2003 that addressed recruitment measures and innovative healthcare approaches in rural settings. An expert survey was also conducted via email, reaching out to 65 experts through the Health Systems and Policy Monitor-Network and utilizing information from the European research project MUNROS. Results: Most measures lacked evidence; however, a rural background was identified as the most effective recruitment strategy. Establishing medical faculties in rural areas and offering financial support during studies yielded inconsistent results. Findings indicated that Physician Assistants (PAs) and Nurse Practitioners (NPs) deliver high-quality, cost-effective care. While new c