Parameter estimation techniques for multi-dimensional array signal processing

In the literature, one-dimensional array signal processing techniques are extensively used in a variety of applications including radar, mobile communications, sonar, and seismology. One class of array signal processing techniques is applied to estimate parameters such as the number of signal components, also known as model order, the direction of arrival, the direction of departure, the time of direction of arrivel and the Doppler Frequency. By tanking into account only one dimension, the problem is seen from just on perspective, i. e., one projection. Consequently, parameters cannot be estimated properly for certain scenarios. To handle that, multi-dimensional array signal processing, which considers several dimensions, is studied. These dimensions can correspond to time, frequency, or polarization, but also spatial dimensions such as one- or two-dimensional arrays at transmitter and receiver.