Powders and bulk solids

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In the engineering community, the handling of powders and bulk solids is referred to as bulk solids technology, which is part of mechanical process engineering in Germany. This field studies the transformation of material properties through mechanical processes, with key operations including grinding, agglomeration, mixing, and separation. These processes enhance the value of particles, prompting research and development in both industry and academia. However, when it comes to handling bulk solids—such as storing, dosing, and conveying—no value increase occurs since material properties remain unchanged. Instead, the focus is on problem elimination, which is less appealing for research compared to developing new products or processes that can lead to patents. Silos, often perceived as minor components in larger processes, are used for the intermediate storage of bulk solids, filled continuously or discontinuously, and discharged at set times in specific quantities. However, this process can be problematic; issues like arching and ratholing may cause irregular discharge or complete blockage, complicating what may seem to be a straightforward operation.