Focusing on the multi-dimensional aspects of poverty, this book highlights the significant challenges faced by Chinese farmers in areas such as sanitation, health insurance, and access to durable goods. It outlines specific criteria for assessing poverty and offers targeted policy recommendations to enhance living standards and address poverty alleviation effectively. Additionally, the work provides insightful analysis on the poverty issues affecting ethnic minorities, the elderly, and children, serving as a crucial resource for developing tailored interventions for these vulnerable groups.
The volume LNCS 9377 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Neural Networks, ISNN 2015, held in Jeju, South Korea in October 2015. The 55 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 97 submissions. These papers cover many topics of neural network-related research including intelligent control, neurodynamic analysis, memristive neurodynamics, computer vision, signal processing, machine learning, and optimization.
Optical spectroscopy is a very important sensing technique and reveals a high potential for numerous applications in both industrial and scientific applications. Low-cost, strongly miniaturized spectrometers are highly required for modern sensing systems, e. g., for energy technology, measurement techniques, safety, security, IT and mechanical technologies. The strong miniaturization is highly required for example in so called “smart personal environments”. Among all the miniaturized spectrometers, one of the most attractive miniaturization approaches is the Fabry-Pérot-filter-based microspectrometer. However, the existing Fabry-Pérot-filter-based microspectrometers require complicated fabrication steps for patterning the 3D filter cavities with different heights, which is not cost efficient for the industrial fabrication. Novel Fabry-Pérot-filter-based microspectrometers with nanoimprinted cavities were designed by INA and were proposed and introduced as “nanospectrometers”. All different filter cavities could be fabricated in one single step using nanoimprint technology. However, high vertical resolution 3D nanoimprint technology was not available and should be developed in this work.
The rapid growth in China over the past three decades has lifted over 600 million people out of poverty, prompting interest in the reasons behind this transformation. However, international evidence suggests that the current global economy, characterized by unsustainable consumption and production patterns, poses significant challenges. Policymakers have been urged to integrate economic growth, poverty reduction, equity, and environmental sustainability into national development strategies. Existing studies on China often overlook critical aspects, such as structural transformation, social disparities, and the role of science and technology in growth and productivity. This book addresses the environmental consequences of China's growth within a quality growth framework, expanding the discourse on economic development and policy. It analyzes macroeconomic factors driving the need for economic transformation, explores the evolution of social inequalities in health, education, and gender, and presents the environmental issues linked to China's growth. This work is a pioneering effort to integrate environmental sustainability and climate change into the quality growth narrative, offering a comprehensive overview of China's achievements and challenges during its rapid economic ascent.
