Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn es reconocido por sus obras literarias que profundizan en las dificultades e injusticias de la vida dentro de la Unión Soviética. Su estilo se caracteriza por una honestidad cruda y una profunda visión de la psique humana bajo coacción. A través de su escritura, expone verdades sobre los regímenes totalitarios, enfatizando el poder del espíritu humano frente a la opresión. Sus obras siguen siendo un poderoso testimonio de resiliencia e integridad moral.
Archipiélago Gulag es el libro-documento más impresionante de nuestra época, calificado como «opinión y conciencia de la Unión Soviética». Concebido como una obra monumental, desfilan por sus páginas multitud de destinos trágicos, desde los más humildes, hasta los más altos dignatarios del país. La generalización y la personalización, llevadas hasta sus límites extremos, hacen de esta obra uno de los más grandes libros escritos jamás sobre la URSS.
Con fidelidad sobrecogedora, alexandr solzhenitsyn describe en archipiélago gulag el régimen de terror que imperaba en los campos de internamiento y de castigo soviéticos durante el pasado siglo xx. Gracias a su obstinación por restituir aquello que la Historia quiso borrar, solzhenitsyn devolvió la palabra a los 227 prisioneros que le brindaron sus testimonios directos y a los millones de personas «a las que les faltó la vida para contar estas cosas», para dejar constancia de uno de los episodios más lúgubres de nuestro tiempo. Escrito entre 1958 y 1967 en la más completa clandestinidad, el primer boceto de la obra fue descubierto por el KGB en septiembre de 1973. En 1974 se publicó en Occidente, como medio de presión desde los países democráticos europeos, y hasta 1990, cuando se publicó parcialmente en la revista «Nóvy Mir», archipiélago gulag estuvo vedado a los lectores rusos. Este segundo volumen recoge tres de las siete partes que componen la obra completa («Campos de trabajo y exterminio», «El alma y el alambre de espino», «El penal»), y en él se describen barbaridades como la construcción del Belomor (el canal que comunica el mar Báltico con el mar Blanco) y las argucias a las que debían recurrir los prisioneros para poder sobrevivir.
Set against the backdrop of March 1917, the narrative explores the revolutionary turmoil emanating from Petrograd, which significantly impacts the front lines of World War I. The story delves into the forces contributing to Russia's impending collapse, highlighting the chaotic intersection of war and revolution. Themes of disintegration and the struggle for power are woven throughout, capturing a pivotal moment in Russian history.
Part two of this trilogy, reveals the experience of the hard-labor camps in Soviet Russia.
Solzhenitsyn's magnum opus delves into the Russian Revolution through a meticulously researched historical novel enriched with contemporary newspaper headlines, street action fragments, and cinematic screenplay elements. The narrative unfolds in three key nodes: August 1914 and November 1916, which explore Russia's crises, revolutionary terrorism, and the missed opportunities of Pyotr Stolypin's reforms, culminating in the disillusionment of patriotism as World War I ravages the nation. The third node, March 1917, captures the essence of the Russian Revolution, detailing the collapse of the Imperial government amid mob violence and the opposition's inability to steer events. Set from March 8-12, the first book introduces over fifty characters during the tumultuous days when the Russian Empire begins to disintegrate. Bread riots in Petrograd escalate unchecked, leading to police casualties and army mutinies. The horrified anti-Tsarist bourgeoisie rush to claim provisional power, while socialists establish a Soviet to challenge their authority. Meanwhile, Emperor Nikolai II is away at military headquarters, leaving his wife, Aleksandra, isolated with their sick children. The stability of the Russian state hangs in the balance, drawing comparisons to Tolstoy's War and Peace, as both works aim to narrate an era's story with universal significance.
Cancer Ward examines the relationship of a group of people in the cancer ward of a provincial Soviet hospital in 1955, two years after Stalin's death. We see them under normal circumstances, and also reexamined at the eleventh hour of illness. Together they represent a remarkable cross-section of contemporary Russian characters and attitudes. The experiences of the central character, Oleg Kostoglotov, closely reflect the author's own: Solzhenitsyn himself became a patient in a cancer ward in the mid-1950s, on his release from a labor camp, and later recovered. Translated by Nicholas Bethell and David Burg.
The book commemorates the centenary of the Russian Revolution through Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's epic narrative. It is part of "The Red Wheel" series and delves into the events of March 1917, offering a profound exploration of the historical and social upheavals during this pivotal time in Russian history. Solzhenitsyn's insights provide a deep understanding of the revolution's impact, reflecting on the complexities of human experience amid turmoil.
In the First Circle depicts the lives of the occupants of a sharashka (a research and development bureau made of GULAG inmates) located in the Moscow suburbs. This novel is highly autobiographical. Many of the prisoners (zeks) are technicians or academics who have been arrested under Article 58 of the RSFSR Penal Code in Joseph Stalin's purges following the Second World War. Unlike inhabitants of other gulag labor camps, the sharashka zeks were adequately fed and enjoyed good working conditions; however, if they found disfavor with the authorities, they could be instantly shipped to Siberia. The title is an allusion to Dante's first circle, or limbo of Hell in The Divine Comedy, wherein the philosophers of Greece, and other virtuous pagans, live in a walled green garden. They are unable to enter Heaven, as they were born before Christ, but enjoy a small space of relative freedom in the heart of Hell.
