Focusing on the principles of laser technology, the book delves into its operation, various types, and key properties such as coherence and monochromaticity. It examines beam propagation and provides a theoretical framework for atom-field interactions. The discussion includes semi-classical laser theory, nonlinear effects, and quantum properties, emphasizing the photon concept and coherent states, making it a comprehensive resource for understanding the complexities of lasers.
Over the last few decades, wide applications of semiconductor physics have been sprayed up. Many new materials and devices are available, but material limitations are often major deterrent. The basic properties of transparent conducting oxide are most important for practical applications. With the increasing device sophistication based on semiconductor transparent coating, better quality, exhibited properties of the films are very much essential. One of the most important interesting fields in material science is the fundamental aspects and application of semiconducting thin films like CdO. The technological interest of the study of transparent semiconducting CdO has been generated due to some interesting properties and their possible potential application in industry and research. The highly conducting transparent thin films have been widely used for variety of applications such as solar cells, photo-voltaic cells, heat reflector, protective coating, gas sensor, temperature control coating in satellites, surface layer application, etc. One of the most important fields of current interest is nanostructured materials and possible applications in nanodevices for better performances.
