Dan Sperber Libros

 The contemporary rabbi is influenced by the modern rabbinic establishments throughout the world, including the rabbinate in Israel. The rabbinate's monopoly on opinions and interpretations prevents rabbis from expressing their individual positions out of fear of delegitimization. The current structure gives the public a negative impression of the rabbinic establishment. The Importance of the Community Rabbi strives to describe and delineate key requirements for a good rabbi, i.e., one who can provide socially acceptable halachic solutions within the parameters of Orthodox thinking. Rabbi Sperber elucidates the halachic techniques and mechanisms that may be used toward this goal. These are further illustrated with stories from rabbinic literature and examples from various responsa.

Reason, we are told, is what makes us human, the source of our knowledge and wisdom. If reason is so useful, why didn't it also evolve in other animals? If reason is that reliable, why do we produce so much thoroughly reasoned nonsense? In their groundbreaking account of the evolution and workings of reason, Hugo Mercier and Dan Sperber set out to solve this double enigma. Reason, they argue with a compelling mix of real-life and experimental evidence, is not geared to solitary use, to arriving at better beliefs and decisions on our own. What reason does, rather, is help us justify our beliefs and actions to others, convince them through argumentation, and evaluate the justifications and arguments that others address to us. In other words, reason helps humans better exploit their uniquely rich social environment. This interactionist interpretation explains why reason may have evolved and how it fits with other cognitive mechanisms. It makes sense of strengths and weaknesses that have long puzzled philosophers and psychologists--why reason is biased in favor of what we already believe, why it may lead to terrible ideas and yet is indispensable to spreading good ones. Ambitious, provocative, and entertaining, The Enigma of Reason will spark debate among psychologists and philosophers, and make many reasonable people rethink their own thinking

Although Jewish liturgy has its roots in antiquity, it evolved and developed throughout the ages to emerge in its present, largely standardized form. However, in some aspects, it is archaic, containing passages and statements that apply more to past eras than to the present day. In some cases, these passages may even be offensive to certain segments of our society. It is for this reason that this book attempts to delineate the parameters of halachically permissible changes in Jewish liturgy -- changes that have precedents in traditional sources and that may correct anachronisms and defuse possible conflict, thus enhancing the experience of prayer for an ever-widening spectrum of Orthodox Jewry.

"This volume examines the relationship between the two major categories of mitzvot: ritual mitzvot (between man and his Maker) and social-interpersonal mitzvot (between man and his neighbor). It is argued that when there is a clash between mitzvot of these two categories, the interpersonal mitzvot almost always override those of a ritual nature"--

What can be understood of other cultures? And what can we learn about people in general from the study of other cultures? In the three closely related essays that constitute this book and which have already created considerable controversy in their original French versions, and been rewritten and expanded for this edition, Dan Sperber discusses these fundamental issues of anthropology. In the first essay he analyses the way in which anthropology is written and read. In the second, he offers a novel rationalist alternative to cultural relativism, based on both anthropological and psychological arguments, and illustrated by his own fieldwork in Ethiopia. The third essay provides an assessment of the work of Lévi-Strauss, in which the arguments of the previous two essays are linked with an incisive critique of Lévi-Strauss' contribution to the study of cultural variation.

Reason, we are told, is what makes us human, the source of our knowledge and wisdom. If reason is so useful, why didn't it also evolve in other animals? If reason is that reliable, why do we produce so much thoroughly reasoned nonsense? In their groundbreaking account of the evolution and workings of reason, Hugo Mercier and Dan Sperber set out to solve this double enigma. Reason, they argue with a compelling mix of real-life and experimental evidence, is not geared to solitary use, to arriving at better beliefs and decisions on our own. What reason does, rather, is help us justify our beliefs and actions to others, convince them through argumentation, and evaluate the justifications and arguments that others address to us. In other words, reason helps humans better exploit their uniquely rich social environment. This interactionist interpretation explains why reason may have evolved and how it fits with other cognitive mechanisms. It makes sense of strengths and weaknesses that have long puzzled philosophers and psychologists--why reason is biased in favor of what we already believe, why it may lead to terrible ideas and yet is indispensable to spreading good ones.--

Jacob Taubes (1923-1987) war zuletzt Professor für Judaistik und Hermeneutik an der Freien Universität Berlin sowie ständiger Gastdozent an der Maison des Sciences de l' Homme in Paris. Hans Blumenberg wurde am 13. Juli 1920 in Lübeck geboren und starb am 28. März 1996 in Altenberge bei Münster. Nach seinem Abitur im Jahr 1939 durfte er keine reguläre Hochschule besuchen. Er galt trotz seiner katholischen Taufe als ›Halbjude‹. Folglich studierte Blumenberg zwischen 1939 und 1947 mit Unterbrechungen Philosophie, Germanistik und klassische Philosophie in Paderborn, Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg und Kiel. 1947 wurde Blumenberg mit seiner Dissertation Beiträge zum Problem der Ursprünglichkeit der mittelalterlich-scholastischen Ontologie an der Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel promoviert. Hier habilitierte er sich 1950 mit der Studie Die ontologische Distanz. Eine Untersuchung über die Krisis der Phänomenologie Husserls . Sein Lehrer während dieser Zeit war Ludwig Landgrebe. Im Jahr 1958 wurde Blumenberg in Hamburg außerordentlicher Professor für Philosophie und 1960 in Gießen ordentlicher Professor für Philosophie. 1965 wechselte er als ordentlicher Professor für Philosophie nach Bochum und ging im Jahr 1970 an die Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, wo er 1985 emeritiert wurde. Blumenberg war Mitglied der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur zu Mainz (seit 1960), des Senats der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft und Mitgründer der 1963 ins Leben gerufenen Forschungsgruppe »Poetik und Hermeneutik«. Jürgen Habermas wurde am 18. Juni 1929 in Düsseldorf geboren. Von 1949 bis 1954 studierte er in Göttingen, Zürich und Bonn die Fächer Philosophie, Geschichte, Psychologie, Deutsche Literatur und Ökonomie. Er lehrte unter anderem an den Universitäten Heidelberg und Frankfurt am Main sowie der University of California in Berkeley und war Direktor des Max-Planck-Instituts zur Erforschung der Lebensbedingungen der wissenschaftlich-technischen Welt in Starnberg. Jürgen Habermas erhielt zahlreiche Ehrendoktorwürden und Preise, darunter den Friedenspreis des Deutschen Buchhandels (2001) und den Kyoto-Preis (2004). Geboren am 5. Januar 1927 in Marburg, studierte Dieter Henrich von 1946 bis 1950 in Marburg, Frankfurt und Heidelberg (u. a. bei Hans-Georg Gadamer) Philosophie. 1950 Dissertation: Die Grundlagen der Wissenschaftslehre Max Webers . Nach der Habilitation 1955/56 Lehrtätigkeiten als ordentlicher Professor in Berlin (ab 1960) und Heidelberg (ab 1965), Gastprofessuren in den USA ( Harvard, Columbia, University of Michigan, Yale); 1981 Berufung an die Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in München, Ordinarius für Philosophie bis zur Emeritierung 1994. Seit 1997 Honorarprofessor an der Berliner Humboldt-Universität. Eva Moldenhauer, 1934 in Frankfurt am Main geboren, war seit 1964 als Übersetzerin tätig. Sie übersetzte Literatur und wissenschaftliche Schriften französischsprachiger Autoren ins Deutsche, u. a. von Claude Simon, Jorge Semprún, Marcel Mauss, Mircea Eliade, Gilles Deleuze und Lévi-Strauss. Sie wurde mit zahlreichen Preisen ausgezeichnet, u. a. mit dem Helmut-M.-Braem-Übersetzerpreis und dem Paul-Celan-Preis. Eva Moldenhauer verstarb am 22. April 2019.