Geotechnical aspects of the design of shallow bored tunnels in soils and soft rock

These recommendations were elaborated by the European Regional Technical Committee No. 9 (ERTC 9) of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering (ISSMFE) and are expected to contribute to the harmonisation of the design philosophies within Europe. Special emphasis is placed on the geotechnical aspects within an urban environment, and case histories from a number of tunnelling projects within Europe are included to disseminate the experience so gained. The appendix makes reference to the various European and national standards, codes and guidelines for tunnel design.