Remediation of abandoned surface coal mining sites

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Coal is a valuable resource, contributing significantly to the world's energy supply and various industries. However, open-cast mining techniques, particularly in areas where coal is near the surface, have led to drastic landscape changes and environmental impacts. This report aims to guide those responsible for mitigating the environmental effects of surface mining and restoring affected areas. It focuses on the environmental challenges associated with surface coal mining and the reclamation of mine sites, with particular emphasis on Eastern Europe, a major center for opencast lignite mining. While reclamation for forestry, agriculture, and wildlife is mentioned, the sheer volume of coal extracted often leaves insufficient overburden to refill pits. Thus, the report primarily addresses the creation of lakes in former surface mines. Establishing healthy lakes for recreation or wildlife presents numerous challenges. The report provides guidelines for improving water quality and developing these lakes, discussing techniques for managing issues such as acidic waters, eutrophication, and contamination.