HIV infection and the cardiovascular system

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Past studies have shown that HIV infection is linked to various cardiac diseases, including cardiomyopathy, coronary heart disease, and endocarditis. Additionally, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) can lead to metabolic syndrome, characterized by lipodystrophy, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance, which increases the risk of coronary artery disease and stroke. This work highlights recent findings in HIV-associated heart disease and the cardiovascular complications related to HAART. The first section reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and molecular biology of HIV-associated cardiovascular issues, pulmonary hypertension, lipodystrophy, and HAART-related metabolic syndrome. The second section provides clinical and therapeutic insights into HIV/HAART-associated atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, stroke, vasculitic syndromes, and pulmonary hypertension. It also discusses cardiovascular complications in HIV-infected children, cardiac surgery in these patients, and strategies for preventing and managing HAART-related cardiovascular issues. Furthermore, the interaction between HAART and commonly used cardiovascular drugs is analyzed. This comprehensive resource presents cutting-edge findings from both basic and clinical research, serving as a valuable reference for cardiology, internal medicine specialists, and infectiologists.