History, fiction, and Germany

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This study explores the formation of German identity during the nineteenth century, focusing on how Germany's national narrative emerged through historical fiction and various historical accounts. Prior to 1871, the German-speaking populace in central Europe did not uniformly identify as "Germans." They spoke different dialects, pledged loyalty to various leaders, practiced different religions, and had distinct customs. When asked about their identity, they might have identified as Austrian, Bavarian, or Prussian, often using local or occupational labels instead. For these individuals to adopt a collective identity as "Germans," the term needed to be imbued with meaning, requiring the creation of shared narratives. The book examines how German nationalism evolved alongside the historical novel and academic history, as writers adapted and popularized the national narrative to reflect their visions and the changing social landscape. These authors highlighted national heroes, vilified adversaries, and expressed the aspirations of the nation. Brent O. Peterson argues that the act of narrating national history—through writing and reading—was crucial in shaping a collective German identity. Though no single version of this identity emerged, the shared stories of the past played a significant role in unifying Germany more than any political leader or philosopher could. This work serves as a valuable resource for scholars and students