Resources and livelihood in mountain areas of South East Asia

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This book presents findings from a comprehensive research program conducted in the mountain zone of Southeast Asia, involving collaboration among universities and agencies in Germany, Thailand, Vietnam, and Indonesia. Twenty-five scientists participated, gathering insights from approximately 2,500 families across various ethnic groups and engaging around 250 key local decision-makers. The research is grounded in a holistic philosophy, focusing on decision-making at family, village, and rural institution levels, addressing living standards and rural livelihoods. It examines differences in resource availability, including land, water, forest, energy, rights, and know-how. Spatial analyses of rural areas provide insights into the relationship between remoteness and the socio-economic conditions of families, along with environmental impacts. The study particularly highlights the challenges faced by hill tribes, who often experience unequal access to resources, markets, and social services. From the analysis of past development, 45 problem-solving strategies for future development were identified. Their potential impact on family living standards and societal livelihoods is evaluated using mathematical simulation models, demonstrating a wide range of possibilities for future development initiatives.