Engineering of bone and cartilage like tissue at the interface of drug delivery and biomaterials

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This work aims to contribute to tissue engineering through three main inquiries. First, it reviews the current scientific landscape at the intersection of drug delivery, biomaterials, bioreactors, stem cells, and mesenchymal tissue engineering (Chapter 1). Second, it employs multidisciplinary approaches to develop innovative methods for engineering bone-like and autologous tissues that conform to the complex geometries of the human skeleton, facilitating functional replacement (Chapters 2-5). Third, it explores strategies for supplying regulatory molecules essential for guiding stem cell differentiation. This includes protein drug delivery from scaffold materials (Chapter 6), scaffold decoration (Chapter 7), physical adsorption (Chapters 7 and 8), and the use of adenovirally transformed stem cells that release regulatory molecules to induce differentiation in an autocrine and paracrine manner (Chapter 9). Additionally, genetically modified embryonic stem cells that continuously release regulatory molecules are discussed (Chapter 11). While the primary focus is on engineering bone-like tissues from mesenchymal stem cells (Chapters 2-9), the work also exemplifies the engineering of other tissues, such as cartilage-like tissue (Chapter 10) and neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells (Chapter 11).