Determination and verification of posible resource savings in manual dishwashing

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Manual dishwashing varies significantly across households, necessitating an investigation into its optimization. A project at the University of Bonn aimed to identify the most efficient hand-washing methods to achieve effective cleaning while minimizing resource use, such as water and energy. The study developed a repeatable method for the sink washing process, conducting factorial studies to pinpoint the factors that most influence cleaning performance. Based on these findings and previous research, Best Practice Tips were established to guide consumers in conserving resources. Verification studies, including three comparative laboratory tests, assessed the effectiveness of these tips. Results indicated that substantial savings in energy and water were achievable, particularly when washing larger quantities of dishes. However, no significant reductions were observed for smaller loads, likely due to differing washing methods. An in-home study in Germany and Spain further confirmed these findings, revealing that individuals who typically washed dishes under running water could save considerable resources by using a filled sink instead. Individual savings varied, highlighting the need for further research to enhance understanding of manual dishwashing and the application of Best Practice Tips.