Mass media, elections, and public policies

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Mass media have long informed the public about their governing figures, dating back to the 16th century when the printing press spread Reformation ideas. Reformers criticized the self-serving behavior of clergy, who often prioritized personal comfort over their responsibilities (Barzun 2001, pp. 4-11). This technology laid the groundwork for newspapers, which have since been essential in holding governments accountable. Thomas Jefferson famously stated in the late 18th century that he would prefer a government without newspapers over newspapers without a government, highlighting the press's crucial role in democracy. Political scientist Doris A. Graber (2001, p.1) echoed this sentiment, calling the press a vital tool for public political enlightenment. A survey by the Pew Internet & American Life Project (Horrigan 2004) further underscores this, revealing that television is the primary source of political news for 74% of American voters, followed by radio at 54% and newspapers at 51%. This illustrates the enduring significance of mass media in shaping political awareness and accountability in society.