From the Earth's Core to Outer Space

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The text explores four key themes: the evolving Earth's crust, changes in the Baltic Sea, climate change, and the Earth's place in the solar system. It provides a comprehensive review of earth science topics relevant to Scandinavia and the Baltic, while also situating these discussions within a global framework. The first theme addresses the Earth's crust's structure, origin, and evolution, focusing on ore deposits in Fennoscandia, the plate-tectonic drift of Baltica, and postglacial isostatic rebound. The second theme examines the Baltic Sea's ice season changes, deep basin dynamics, biological aspects, and carbon dioxide balance in seawater. The third theme covers the origins and evolution of atmospheric oxygen, postglacial climate shifts, the impact of aerosols and greenhouse gases, and the interaction between human and natural influences on current climate change, along with Earth's water resources. The final theme discusses Earth's space environment, the application of satellites in cartography and geodesy, insights from space probes about Mars and other celestial bodies, and the potential for discovering life beyond Earth.