Climate Change, Security Risks and Conflict Reduction in Africa

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Millions in West Africa face weather-related shocks annually, with climate change likely to exacerbate these threats. Rising temperatures, irregular rainfall, and more frequent natural disasters jeopardize the livelihoods of vulnerable populations and destabilize human security. This may lead to increased violence and conflicts, particularly between farmers and herders, both of whom rely heavily on natural resources. Their historical propensity for conflict over resource access is heightened by climate change. However, environmental conflicts are influenced by social, economic, and political factors, suggesting that there are opportunities to address climate-related challenges peacefully. The political and institutional framework can play a crucial role in mitigating conflict and violence. This study investigates how political factors—policies and institutions—can help reduce conflicts exacerbated by climate change between farmers and herders. It includes a theoretical analysis followed by a case study focusing on agro-pastoral conflicts in Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, and Ghana, aiming to identify pathways for peaceful resolution amidst the challenges posed by climate change.