Statistics for linguistics with R

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This revised and extended second edition serves as an introduction to statistics for linguists using the open-source software R, targeting students and instructors with minimal statistical background. Written in a non-technical, accessible style, it begins by detailing the overall logic of quantitative studies, including exploration, hypothesis formulation, and significance tests. The book introduces essential R software basics for statistical data analysis. A chapter on descriptive statistics covers generating summary statistics for frequencies, averages, and correlations, along with effective graphical representations. Analytical statistics are explored through various linguistic case studies, detailing the structure of tests, hypothesis formulation, significance testing, and result summarization. A chapter on multifactorial methods discusses complex research designs, including multifactorial frequency data, correlations, and tests for means, with step-by-step examples. Hierarchical cluster analysis is also illustrated. The book includes exercises, think breaks, recommendations for further study, and answer keys, alongside a dedicated newsgroup on the companion website. The comprehensive revision features new programming topics, additional statistical functions, updated sections on statistical tests and regression modeling, a complete rewrite of multifactorial approaches, and a new visual tool for selecting appropriate stati