China and international human rights

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This book introduces law students, legal actors, and human rights activists to the realities of China’s engagement with the international human rights system, highlighting the challenges faced. A key finding is that progress in human rights is more reliant on judges than legislators. Despite reforms aimed at better protecting human rights, adherence to international obligations remains lacking, primarily due to judges' limited understanding of these norms. The book examines how judicial misunderstandings have hindered reforms in the use of severe punishments through international human rights theory and case studies. It advocates for China to ratify the ICCPR to enhance its human rights progress and prepare for potential re-application to the UN Human Rights Council. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for better education for judges on international norms to reduce severe punishments and improve compliance with obligations. The author aims to foster dialogue among judges, the Chinese government, and the international community regarding human rights in China. Furthermore, the book addresses what obligations China should undertake before ratifying the ICCPR and re-evaluates its human rights policy trends post-2012. It underscores the necessity for judges to apply severe punishments in line with international standards and encourages discretion in sentencing. Introductory chapters provide insights into current severe punishmen