Finite element simulation of an impinging liquid droplet on a hot solid substrate

The main focus of this work is to develop an accurate and robust numerical scheme for simulation of a non-isothermal liquid droplet impinging on a horizontal hot substrate. Apart from other challenges associated with the modeling of free boundary problems, the moving contact line, Marangoni convection, time dependent liquid–solid interface make the model more complicate. The fluid flow in the droplet is described by the time dependent incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, whereas the temperature in the droplet and in the solid substrate is described by the energy equation.