The Encapsulation Phenomenon

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This fundamental book provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of the art in the chemistry of cage compounds. It explores various methods for encapsulating ions and molecules using three-dimensional caging ligands, resulting in molecular and polymeric species through covalent, supramolecular, and coordination capsules. The authors present a classification of these compounds, their reactivity, and selected practical applications. Encapsulation isolates caged ions and molecules from external influences, leading to unique physical and chemical properties, which can enhance reactivity and selectivity. This opens up numerous applications, including chemical separation, recognition, chiral separation, catalysis, and the use of molecular or supramolecular devices and carriers. A strong emphasis is placed on the synthesis of different cage compounds, with over 850 literature references summarized and illustrated in more than 600 schemes. The book is organized by types of caging ligands and further categorized by ligand classes and types of encapsulated species, such as neutral molecules, anions, or cations. This structure makes it an exhaustive reference resource and a summary of the current research landscape in the field of encapsulated species, which has become a distinct area of modern chemistry.