Spatial Modeling Principles in Earth Sciences

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This revised and updated second edition includes new chapters on temporal and point uncertainty models, as well as sampling and deterministic modeling. It presents a comprehensive overview of spatial modeling techniques in the earth sciences, highlighting original methods developed by the author. Given the challenges and costs associated with data collection in this field, the book emphasizes simple, rational approaches that clarify the fundamentals of advanced methodologies. It underscores the importance of accurate geological, hydrogeological, meteorological, and hydrological data, all while addressing risk assessments. The essential role of spatial simulation methodologies is discussed, particularly in understanding variability in features like fracture frequencies and grain size distribution. The book details key spatial modeling techniques, especially the Kriging methodology, and introduces various new methods developed since its inception in the 1960s, such as cumulative SV and point CSV. Each technique is explained alongside its application to phenomena in geology, earthquakes, meteorology, and hydrology. Additionally, alternatives to Kriging are presented, with clear explanations of their application steps. The text also reviews simple spatial variation prediction methodologies and their connections to advanced modeling techniques, making it a valuable resource for students, researchers, and professionals across multip