W Tungsten

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This volume continues the exploration of chemical reactions involving elemental tungsten, focusing on interactions with metallic elements from zinc to actinoids. It encompasses phase diagrams, bulk reactions, and surface processes, which are critical in many systems. For further context, readers are encouraged to refer to the introductory remarks on pages X/XI. To streamline the text, various abbreviations are employed without definitions, in addition to those commonly found in the Gmelin Handbook. These include terms such as: a.c. (alternating current), AE (Auger electron), AES (Auger electron spectroscopy), bcc (body-centered cubic), CPD (contact potential difference), cps (counts per second), d.c. (direct current), DTA (differential thermoanalysis), EF (Fermi level), EI (electron impact), ELS (electron energy loss spectroscopy), EMF (electromotive force), fcc (face-centered cubic), FE (field emission), FEM (field emission microscope), FES (field emission spectroscopy), FIM (field ion microscope), hcp (hexagonal close-packed), ML (monolayer), PES (photoelectron spectroscopy), PSD (photon-stimulated desorption), RHEED (reflection high energy electron diffraction), RT (room temperature), SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry), TDS (thermal desorption spectroscopy), TE (thermionic emission), TED (total energy distribution), UHV (ultra-high vacuum), and UPS (ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy), among others.