Die Europäische Union als demokratische Föderation

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The Fritz Thyssen Foundation continues its tradition of the "Thyssen Lectures," initiated in Germany in 1979 and expanded to universities in the Czech Republic, Israel, Russia, and Turkey. The upcoming series in Greece, led by Prof. Vassilios Skouris, former President of the European Court of Justice and current Director of the Centre of International and European Economic Law (CIEEL), will span four years and focus on the theme of "the EU as a community of European law and values." Describing the European Union as a "federation" not only captures its political structure but also allows for a comparative analysis of its challenges alongside historical federations, particularly the United States. The EU faces conflicts of competence and political values, issues that echo historical precedents. However, historical lessons indicate that there are few purely legal solutions to these political dilemmas. A significant institutional challenge is the absence of a centralized European government, which would assume political responsibility and leadership. Instead, governmental functions within the EU remain dispersed across various institutions and influential member states, complicating effective governance.