Educational accountability

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In times of scarce resources the stakeholders in education--students, parents, employers, and the community at large--demand that schools make their achievements clear to the outside world. National and regional school systems have been responding to this demand by developing and implementing different forms of educational accountability. The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education has developed a framework for understanding educational accountability in response to the following five who is accountable, to whom, for what, at what level, and with what consequences? It identifies four the market competition approach, the decentralized decisionmaking approach, the professional, and the management approach. The book describes some of the accountability tools used in the member countries of the International Network of Innovative School Canada, Germany, Hungary, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Scotland, and Switzerland, and considers the implications for future policy and practice.