The evolution of intelligence

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All animals acquire, process and use information to guide their behaviors in complex, changing environments. As a subject of interdisciplinary nature, the meaning and uses of intelligence across a variety of species such as invertebrates, aquatic species, avian species, and non-human primates was explored at the 2001 Krost Symposium on the Evolution of Intelligence. By comparing the adaptive behavior of animals with that of humans, the authors discovered similarities and differences among species and explored the origin and nature of those differences. The product of this symposium represents a wide array of methodologies (e.g. structured observational case studies, controlled multi-group experiments, and computer models) and species. The work presented in this issue represents a significant step towards a better understanding of the evolution of biological and artificial intelligence and provides an exciting framework for future research.