Intellectuals and Society

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Thomas Sowell's classic work explores the significant influence of modern intellectuals, which differs markedly from past eras. Unlike historical figures such as Machiavelli, who sought to directly sway rulers, contemporary intellectuals shape public opinion, impacting the actions of power holders in democratic societies—even those who may dismiss or disdain them. This book examines the track record of intellectuals and the incentives and constraints that shape their views. A striking revelation is the frequency with which intellectuals have been proven not only wrong but catastrophically misguided in their societal prescriptions, often showing little change in their perspectives despite empirical evidence of their failures. This revised and expanded edition is over fifty percent larger than the original, featuring four new chapters that delve into the relationship between intellectuals and race, including a discussion on race and intelligence. Through this analysis, Sowell highlights the complex interplay between intellectual thought and societal outcomes, urging readers to critically assess the impact of intellectuals on modern life.