Recycling of Photovoltaic Solar Cells and Modules - The State-Of-Art

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In comparison to other energy producing techniques, photovoltaics (PV) is one of the most promising options: no emission of any matter into the environment during operation; extremely long operation period (estimated average: 25-30 years), minimum maintenance, robust technique, aesthetic aspects. Unlike other industries, PV waste is unique because it has a long lag time from the time it is produced to the time it is decommissioned. The use of photovoltaics is rapidly increasing, and the respective market is developing accordingly. The development of the photovoltaic market over recent years has emphasized the need for a sustainable method for disposal of PV modules once they reach the end of their life. The aim of this book was to develop and evaluate existing methods of PV cells and modules recycling. The article discusses the main outcomes and analyses the significance of recycling in relation to the environmental profile of the production and total life cycle of photovoltaic cells and modules.