Spinoza and Freud - Epistemological criticism of psychoanalysis

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Exploring the critical perspective of Wittgenstein on Freudian theory, this study argues that psychoanalysis aligns more with aesthetic research than scientific rigor. It highlights parallels between Spinoza's and Freud's views on hard determinism and the human psyche, suggesting a common foundation for addressing these issues across centuries. While Spinoza’s Ethics is deemed metaphysical, Freud’s approach is labeled scientific, prompting an epistemological critique of Freudian theory through a Spinozist lens.