General ecotoxicology

Focusing on the field of ecotoxicology, this handout aims to equip students with essential concepts to understand the impacts of pollutants on ecosystems. It addresses the toxic effects of both natural and synthetic pollutants and emphasizes the importance of assessing these risks at various scales—local, regional, continental, and global. The material is designed to foster awareness of ecosystem pollution issues and promote informed decision-making in environmental protection.