Are lotteries fair and if so, when should they be used?

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The essay explores the complexities of distributive justice, particularly in situations of scarce resources. It examines critical questions surrounding the allocation of medical treatments, educational opportunities, and military service, emphasizing the role of lotteries as a method to ensure fairness. By analyzing various philosophical theories, the work discusses when discrimination is justified versus when random selection is preferable. The implications of these decisions extend beyond individual cases, potentially influencing broader political, societal, and economic issues related to fairness on a global scale.