Industrialization Examples from the European Experience 1789-1914: A Brief Essay

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The term “industrialization” refers to the system of economic and socio-political changes that reflected the shift from the manufacture system, based on manual labour, to large scale machine industry. Industrialisation began with the invention and application of machinery for production and culminated in the production of machines by machines. As a result, the capitalist mode of production emerged victorious in its struggle against the feudal mode of production. [...] Industrialisation was a general historical phenomenon that characterized a stage in the development of capitalism in the industry of several countries. However, the gradual development of the prerequisites for the shift from manufactures to large-scale machine industry varied from country to country.