Charles Darwin Libros

El libro, además de una rareza si lo comparamos con el resto de la obra de Darwin, se ha convertido con el tiempo en uno de los más interesantes del autor y en uno de los que conserva mayor vigencia. De hecho, nació como un posible capítulo para su libro El origen del hombre, alcanzando pronto entidad individual y consiguiendo convertirse en título independiente por derecho propio. En él, Darwin se alejó de su acostumbrado naturalismo para centrarse en ciertos aspectos de la psicología que le permitiesen alcanzar conclusiones parecidas a las de su teoría de la evolución de las especies. Para ello aplicó su método tradicional de trabajo, basado en la observación y la demostración de hipótesis, que sirvió para preparar un texto plenamente atractivo e innovador. Teniendo en cuenta la fama previa de Darwin, el libro resultó ser un nuevo éxito editorial, que reafirmó aún más su influencia en los ámbitos científicos de la época

Theories and evidence that Darwin outlined in 'The Origin of Species "are final in understanding the nature and livelihoods of biological studies. Since its publication, the concepts of evolution, adaptation and natural selection have been incorporated into all scientific studies. The resonance of Darwin's work has pervaded all fields of knowledge, including philosophy and religion.

Charles Darwin s voyage on the HMS Beagle is a gripping adventure story, and a turning point in the making of the modern world. Brought together here in chronological order, the letters he wrote and received during his trip provide a first-hand account of a voyage of discovery that was as much personal as intellectual. We follow Darwin s adventures as he prepares for his travels, lands on his first tropical island, watches an earthquake level a city, and learns how to catch ostriches from a running horse. We witness slavery, political revolution, and epidemic disease, and share the otherworldly experience of landing on the Galapagos Islands and collecting specimens. His letters are counterpoised by replies from family and friends that record a comfortable, intimate world back in England. Original watercolors by the ship s artist Conrad Martens vividly bring to life Darwin s descriptions of his travels.

Am 27. Dezember 1831 brach Charles Darwin mit der Beagle von Plymouth auf. In seiner kleinen Kajüte befanden sich Probenbehälter, Chemikalien, Seziergeräte, ein Mikroskop, ein Geologenhammer und Bücher. Mit 22 Jahren war er ein begeisterter Käfersammler und hatte ein leidenschaftliches Interesse an Naturwissenschaften, jedoch war er unschlüssig über seine Zukunft. Während seiner fünfjährigen Weltumrundung studierte er die Natur der Kapverdischen Inseln, die Ureinwohner Feuerlands und entdeckte auf den Galápagosinseln unterschiedliche Finkenpopulationen. Am Ende der Reise hatte er 1529 Spezies in Spiritus eingelegt und 3907 Häute, Knochen und andere Funde katalogisiert. Doch noch wichtiger war die Idee, die er mitbrachte und die später eine der größten intellektuellen Revolutionen der Menschheitsgeschichte auslöste. Darwins Bericht über seine Reise ist nicht nur ein bedeutendes Reisebuch, sondern auch die abenteuerliche Chronik eines jungen Mannes, der die Welt bereiste, um sie zu verändern. Es ist eine Mischung aus Abenteuer, Reisebericht und der Entstehung der modernen Biologie, verfasst in brillanter Literatur.

The book delves into the detailed study of earthworm castings and their impact on soil health, specifically focusing on measurements taken in fields near Nice. Through meticulous collection and weighing of castings over several months, the author calculates the significant amounts of organic matter produced by earthworms. The findings suggest that under optimal conditions, earthworms can contribute substantial quantities of nutrients to the soil, emphasizing their vital role in agricultural productivity. The research highlights the influence of weather and soil management practices on worm activity.

Hailed as the definitive biography, this monumental work explains the character and paradoxes of Charles Darwin and opens up the full panorama of Victorian science, theology, and mores. The authors bring to life Darwin's reckless student days in Cambridge, his epic five-year voyage on the Beagle, and his grueling struggle to develop his theory of evolution.Adrian Desmond and James Moore's gripping narrative reveals the great personal cost to Darwin of pursuing inflammatory truths—telling the whole story of how he came to his epoch-making conclusions.

Darwin's notes from his 1831 trip provide an account of the HMS "Beagle" and the first hints of his theory of evolution and natural selection.

WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY DARWIN'S GREAT-GREAT-GRANDDAUGHTER, RUTH PADELWhen the eminent naturalist Charles Darwin returned from South America on board the H.M.S Beagle in 1836, he brought with him the notes and evidence which would form the basis of his landmark theory of evolution of species by a process of natural selection.

On topics ranging from intelligent design and climate change to the politics of gender and race, the evolutionary writings of Charles Darwin occupy a pivotal position in contemporary public debate. This volume brings together the key chapters of his most important and accessible books,including the Journal of Researches on the Beagle voyage (1845), The Origin of Species (1859), and The Descent of Man (1871), along with the full text of his delightful autobiography. They are accompanied by generous selections of responses from Darwin's nineteenth-century readers from across theworld. More than anything, they give a keen sense of the controversial nature of Darwin's ideas, and his position within Victorian debates about man's place in nature.The wide-ranging Introduction by James A. Secord, Director of the Darwin Correspondence Project, explores the global impact and origins of Darwin's work and the reasons for its unparalleled significance today. To increase its usefulness for readers coming to Darwin for the first time, the selectionalso includes a map of the Beagle voyage, a detailed chronology of Darwin's life, and a biographical appendix identifying every individual mentioned in the text.

The publication of Darwin’s The Origin of Species in 1859 marked a dramatic turning point in scientific thought. The volume had taken Darwin more than twenty years to publish, in part because he envisioned the storm of controversy it was certain to unleash. Indeed, selling out its first edition on its first day, The Origin of Species revolutionized science, philosophy, and theology. Darwin’s reasoned, documented arguments carefully advance his theory of natural selection and his assertion that species were not created all at once by a divine hand but started with a few simple forms that mutated and adapted over time. Whether commenting on his own poor health, discussing his experiments to test instinct in bees, or relating a conversation about a South American burrowing rodent, Darwin’s monumental achievement is surprisingly personal and delightfully readable. Its profound ideas remain controversial even today, making it the most influential book in the natural sciences ever written—an important work not just to its time but to the history of humankind.

A survey of the historical development of the idea of race, this anthology offers pre-twentieth century theories about the concept of race, classic twentieth century sources reiterating and contesting ideas of race as scientific, and several philosophically relevant essays that discuss the issues presented. A general Introduction gives an overview of the readings. Headnotes introduce each selection. Includes suggested further readings.

With an Introduction by Jeff Wallace. 'A grain in the balance will determine which individual shall live and which shall die...'. Darwin's theory of natural selection issued a profound challenge to orthodox thought and belief: no being or species has been specifically created; all are locked into a pitiless struggle for existence, with extinction looming for those not fitted for the task. Yet The Origin of Species (1859) is also a humane and inspirational vision of ecological interrelatedness, revealing the complex mutual interdependencies between animal and plant life, climate and physical environment, and - by implication - within the human world. Written for the general reader, in a style which combines the rigour of science with the subtlety of literature, The Origin of Species remains one of the founding documents of the modern age.

A new, popular edition with a clear introduction. Initially received with muted applause, Darwin's The Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection was soon recognized as the breakthrough scientific advance that explained the evidence of the world around us, the place and history of humans, the connections between environment and evolution.

The Descent of Man is Darwin's second book, first published in 1871. In this edition, Darwin applies evolutionary theory to humans and details his theory of sexual selection.

Brings you the works of the great thinkers, pioneers, radicals and visionaries whose ideas shook civilization, and helped make us who we are.

Provides a glimpse into the mind of one of the world's intellectual giants - Charles Darwin . Honest and illuminating, these memoirs reveal a man who was isolated by his controversial beliefs and whose towering achievements were attained by a life-long passion for the discoveries of science.

Charles Darwin's Autobiography was first published in 1887, five years after his death. It was a bowdlerized edition: Darwin's family, attempting to protect his posthumous reputation, had deleted all the passages they considered too personal or controversial. The present complete edition did not appear until 1959, one hundred years after the publication of The Origin of Species. Upon its appearance, Loren Eiseley wrote:"No man can pretend to know Darwin who does not know his autobiography. Here, for the first time since his death, it is presented complete and unexpurgated, as it exists in the family archives. It will prove invaluable to biographers and cast new light on the personality of one of the world's greatest scientists. Nora Barlow, Darwin's granddaughter, has proved herself a superb editor. Her own annotations make fascinating reading."The daring and restless mind, the integrity and simplicity of Darwin's character are revealed in this direct and personal account of his life—his family, his education, his explorations of the natural world, his religion and philosophy. The editor has provided page and line references to the more important restored passages, and previously unpublished notes and letters on family matters and on the controversy between Samuel Butler appear in an appendix.

Exotic creatures and unexplored terrains populate Darwin's account of the Beagle's momentous voyage.

Set against the backdrop of 19th-century England, this novel explores the intricate relationship between Charles Darwin and his wife, Emma. Through intimate letters and personal reflections, it delves into the emotional struggles and scientific debates surrounding Darwin's groundbreaking theories. The narrative highlights themes of love, faith, and the conflict between science and religion, offering a poignant glimpse into their partnership as they navigate the implications of evolution on their lives and beliefs.

Published in 1872, The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals was a book at the very heart of Darwin's research interests - a central pillar of his 'human' series. This book engaged some of the hardest questions in the evolution debate, and it showed the ever-cautious Darwin at his boldest. If Darwin had one goal with Expression, it was to demonstrate the power of his theories for explaining the origin of our most cherished human qualities: morality and intellect. As Darwin explained, "He who admits, on general grounds, that the structure and habits of all animals have been gradually evolved, will look at the whole subject of Expression in a new and interesting light."

The collection features letters that showcase Charles Darwin's extensive correspondence, which played a crucial role in his scientific endeavors and data collection. Published chronologically, the letters reveal his interactions with colleagues and reflections on his work, including his final book on earthworms and his studies on plant movement. The volume also provides context through notes and appendices, making it valuable for both scholars and general readers. Additionally, it marks significant personal events in Darwin's life, including family milestones.

Exploring the early ideas that laid the groundwork for evolutionary theory, this collection features two pivotal essays penned by Charles Darwin in 1842 and 1844. Edited by his son, Francis Darwin, the essays delve into the concepts of natural selection and the diversity of life, providing insight into Darwin's intellectual journey. These writings illuminate the foundational thoughts that would later culminate in "On the Origin of Species," making it essential for understanding the development of evolutionary biology.

Focusing on Darwin's observations of birds during his voyage on the HMS Beagle, this volume features detailed accounts of various species he encountered between 1832 and 1836. Key sections include studies on different families such as Vulturidae and Falconidae. This work is pivotal in understanding his theories on evolution and natural selection. The modern edition includes a new introduction on ornithology, enhancing its appeal to both scholars and enthusiasts of Darwin's groundbreaking research.

This classic work by Charles Darwin sparked public controversy and fundamentally changed the course of scientific thought. It challenges traditional views and offers a groundbreaking perspective on evolution, influencing both scientific and societal beliefs about the natural world. Its enduring impact continues to shape our understanding of life and the processes that govern it.

This book is a reproduction of a historical work, published by Megali, a company dedicated to producing large print editions for readers with impaired vision. The focus on accessibility highlights the importance of making literature available to all, ensuring that historical texts can be enjoyed by a wider audience.

The book is a reproduction of a historical work, specifically designed in large print format to enhance accessibility for individuals with impaired vision. Published by Megali, a house dedicated to making historical texts more readable, it aims to preserve the original content while ensuring it is accessible to a wider audience.

Focusing on the principles of domestication, this second volume presents Charles Darwin's in-depth analysis of how artificial selection shapes the evolution of plants and animals. Through detailed observations, he explores the diverse influences humans exert on the characteristics of domesticated species via selective breeding. Darwin effectively connects the variations seen in nature with those resulting from human intervention, enriching the understanding of evolution and domestication's role within it.

Focusing on the groundbreaking theory of natural selection, this seminal work by Charles Darwin lays the foundation for evolutionary biology. It details how species evolve over generations, presenting evidence of life's diversity arising from common ancestry through a branching evolutionary process. Darwin draws on his extensive research, including observations from his Beagle expedition in the 1830s, along with findings from correspondence and experimentation, to support his revolutionary ideas.

Focusing on the author's extensive exploration of the Amazon basin, this 1863 work details Henry Walter Bates' journey alongside Alfred Russel Wallace. Over eleven years, they collected over 14,000 species, contributing significantly to evolutionary science. Bates' meticulous observations, particularly of butterfly coloration, led to the groundbreaking discovery of Batesian mimicry. The book also offers insights into Brazilian and indigenous life, showcasing the rich biodiversity and cultural aspects of the region during their travels.

Focusing on accessibility, this book is a reproduction of a historical work published by Megali, a company dedicated to producing large print editions. This initiative aims to enhance readability for individuals with impaired vision, ensuring that important texts remain available and accessible to a broader audience.

The collection features letters penned by Charles Darwin, providing insight into his thoughts, scientific explorations, and personal experiences. Readers gain a unique perspective on the mind of the renowned naturalist and evolutionary biologist through these firsthand accounts, enriching the understanding of his contributions to science and his life.

The book is a reproduction of a historical work, produced in large print to enhance accessibility for readers with impaired vision. Megali, the publishing house behind this edition, focuses on making significant texts easier to read, ensuring that important works remain available to a wider audience.

Set in the early 19th century, this maritime odyssey chronicles the remarkable journey of the HMS Beagle, led by Captain Robert FitzRoy. Embarking in 1831, the expedition is a pivotal moment in exploration, intertwining adventure with scientific discovery. The voyage not only reveals new lands but also contributes significantly to the understanding of natural history, leaving an indelible mark on scientific literature.

This book is a reproduction of a historical work, published by Megali, a company dedicated to producing large print editions for individuals with visual impairments. The focus on accessibility ensures that important texts are available to a wider audience, enhancing the reading experience for those who may struggle with standard print sizes.

The book presents the groundbreaking theory of evolution through natural selection, explaining how species adapt and change over time. Charles Darwin meticulously outlines the mechanisms behind these processes, laying the groundwork for modern evolutionary biology. Through detailed observations and evidence, he challenges existing beliefs about the origin of species, making a profound impact on science and our understanding of life on Earth.

This book is a reproduction of an original historical work, published by Megali, a house dedicated to producing large print editions. The focus on accessibility aims to assist readers with impaired vision, ensuring that significant historical texts remain available and easy to read for a wider audience.

Focusing on geological observations, this work details Charles Darwin's findings during his voyage on HMS Beagle. He explores the diverse geological formations of South America, including the Andes, showcasing his keen insights and scientific rigor. Through vivid descriptions and thorough analysis, Darwin reveals the complexities of geological processes and evolution. This seminal study not only highlights his pioneering contributions to earth science but also serves as a valuable resource for geologists and enthusiasts interested in South America's geological features.

Focused on accessibility, this reproduction by Megali aims to provide historical works in large print, catering specifically to individuals with impaired vision. By enhancing readability, it ensures that these important texts remain available to a wider audience, preserving their significance while promoting inclusivity in literature.

Focusing on Darwin's observations during his voyage on the HMS Beagle, this volume details his studies of reptiles and amphibians encountered between 1832 and 1836. It includes specific species such as "Alsodes Monticola" and "Bufo Chilensis," showcasing Darwin's meticulous research that contributed to his theories on evolution and natural selection. This modern reprint preserves the original text and illustrations, making it a valuable addition for those interested in the history of science and natural history.

This work is a reproduction of a historical text, presented in large print to enhance accessibility for individuals with impaired vision. Published by Megali, a house dedicated to making classic literature more readable, it aims to preserve the original content while ensuring it is approachable for a wider audience.

This book is a reproduction of a historical work, specifically designed in large print to enhance accessibility for readers with impaired vision. Published by Megali, a house known for its commitment to making historical texts more readable, it aims to preserve the original content while catering to those who benefit from larger text formats.

The correspondence between J.D. Hooker and Charles Darwin highlights their scientific collaboration and shared interests in botany and evolution. Hooker's insights and observations contribute to the understanding of plant species and their relationships, reflecting the era's scientific exploration. This letter serves as a glimpse into their friendship and the intellectual exchanges that shaped modern biology, showcasing the importance of communication among scientists in advancing knowledge.

This classical work explores the fascinating mechanisms of plant movement, emphasizing its significance throughout human history. Alpha Editions has republished it in a modern format, ensuring its preservation for future generations. The text has been carefully reformatted and retyped, providing a clear and readable experience, distinct from scanned copies of the original. This edition aims to maintain the book's relevance and accessibility for contemporary readers.

Focusing on the behavior and adaptations of climbing plants, this botanical work by Charles Darwin delves into their unique movements and habits. Published in 1875, it reflects Darwin's later research following "On the Origin of Species," showcasing his continued exploration of natural phenomena. The book provides insights into how these plants interact with their environment, highlighting Darwin's keen observations and contributions to the understanding of plant biology.

The book explores the lineage and history of the Darwin family, delving into their earliest records and significant contributions over time. It examines key figures within the family, their influences on society, and the evolution of their legacy. Through detailed accounts, the narrative highlights the family's impact on various fields, including science and philosophy, while providing insights into their personal lives and relationships. This comprehensive study offers a rich perspective on the Darwins' enduring significance in history.

The book is a reproduction of a historical work, published by Megali, a house dedicated to creating large print editions. This initiative aims to enhance accessibility for readers with impaired vision, ensuring that important texts remain available and easily readable.

This book, the second of three-volumes detailing the life of Charles Darwin was edited by his son. It includes an autobiographical essay which Charles Darwin wrote for his children and grandchildren, rather than for publication. This account of Darwin the man has never been bettered.

A landmark in biology, this seminal work by Charles Darwin, first published in 1859, explores the theory of natural selection. It presents groundbreaking ideas that revolutionized the understanding of species evolution and laid the foundation for modern evolutionary biology. The book's impact on science and its enduring relevance highlight its significance in shaping biological thought.

Meticulous observations and profound insights characterize this exploration of coral reefs, revealing their formation and evolution. Darwin examines the complex relationships between coral organisms and marine life, alongside the geological processes that shape these ecosystems. His groundbreaking theories on coral growth and subsidence have significantly influenced marine biology and geology. Blending scientific rigor with engaging prose, this work serves as a cornerstone for understanding the delicate balance and beauty of underwater environments, appealing to scientists and enthusiasts alike.

On the Origin of Species, published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology.

The Voyage of the Beagle is a vivid travel diary of Charles Darwin's sea voyage from the Cape de Verde Islands to Mauritius, and includes a detailed scientific field journal covering biology, geology and anthropology.

Presents contemporary beliefs about Divine Providence and the beginnings of life on earth. Written for the general public of the 1850s, this title provides an account of the scientific theory that lies at the root of our attitude to the universe.

Charles Robert Darwin (1809 – 1882) – významný anglický prírodovedec – študoval teológiu a medicínu v Edinburghu a v Cambridgei. Na lodi Beagle sa zúčastnil vedeckej expedície okolo sveta, ktorá trvala päť rokov (1831 – 1836). Svoje poznatky z plavby zhrnul v knihe Cesta prírodovedca okolo sveta (1845). Nejde o klasický cestopis, ale o denník, do ktorého si každý deň zapisoval svoje pozorovania, dojmy a úvahy a publikoval v ňom aj objavy z oblasti geológie, paleontológie a biológie. Výsledky cesty boli prevratné. Plavba loďou Beagle priviedla Darwina k hľadaniu prirodzených príčin premien a vzniku zvieracích a rastlinných druhov. Tu možno sledovať, ako sa Darwin formoval na učenca, pochopiť, ako sa mladý Darwin, ktorý nemal systematické prírodovedecké vzdelanie, v priebehu piatich rokov stal vynikajúcim výskumníkom. Ďalšie dielo, O vzniku druhov prírodným výberom, (1859) je priekopnícke, vyvrátil v ňom dovtedajšie metafyzické predstavy o nemennosti druhov a stal sa zakladateľom evolučnej teórie. Prácou O pôvode človeka spôsobil prevrat v prírodných vedách.

Jedno z najprevratnejších a najvplyvnejších diel modernej vedy a myslenia vyšlo v anglickom origináli v roku 1859. Po prvý raz tu Darwin predostiera ucelený pohľad na vývoj druhov oslobodený od spirituálnych a náboženských predstáv svojej i predchádzajúcich dôb. Druhy podľa Darwina vznikajú dlhotrvajúcim procesom „prírodného výberu“, nie sú nemenné, pretože podliehajú neúprosným prírodným zákonom v tvrdej konkurencii s ostatnými organizmami.

Dielo, ktoré navždy zmenilo naše chápanie sveta, prichádza po revolúcii vo fyzike, ktorá začala s Kopernikom a narušila starý obraz sveta. V polovici 19. storočia sa stav poznania v prírodných vedách jasne naznačoval, že dôjde ku kolízii s prevládajúcou náboženskou predstavou o prírode ako diele Stvoriteľa. V roku 1859 Charles Darwin uverejnil prevratné dielo, ktoré vyvolalo senzáciu a polemiky, ale moderná biológia ho prijala ako kľúčové vysvetlenie prírodných mechanizmov. Geologické záznamy a fosílie priviedli tohto originálneho mysliteľa k presvedčeniu, že príroda je dynamický systém, v ktorom prebiehajú postupné a trvalé zmeny – evolúcia biologických druhov. Darwinova myšlienka evolúcie vyvolala revolúciu v prírodovednom myslení. Kľúčom k pochopeniu evolučných procesov je prírodný výber. Rovnako ako Newton sformuloval zákon gravitácie, aj Darwin predstavil princíp prírodného výberu. Hľadal odpoveď na otázku, prečo dochádza k zmenám orgánov a charakteristických znakov organizmov. Tieto zmeny sú výsledkom prírodného výberu, ktorý uprednostňuje určité odchýlky v súlade s podmienkami prostredia, pričom vždy slúžia v prospech organizmov, nikdy nie proti nim.

Práce O původu druhů, nejznámější dílo významného anglického přírodovědce 19. století Charlese Darwina, představuje základní kámen moderní biologie. Právě v této práci totiž Darwin popisuje fenomén evoluce a s rozvahou argumentuje proti názoru, že všechny živé organismy byly stvořeny Bohem takové, jaké je známe dnes

Kapitoly o pohlavním výběru tvoří součást Darwinovy knihy O původu člověka a pohlavním výběru. Jde o zcela klíčové dílo světového biologického písemnictví, které z nepochopitelných důvodů dosud chybělo na českém trhu (přeloženy byly jen kapitoly týkající se člověka). Co se týče obsahu, právě zde Darwin rozvíjí a vysvětluje svou teorii pohlavního výběru, který podle jeho přesvědčení hraje důležitou roli při utváření vnějšího vzhledu vyšších živých organismů. Po rozsáhlém úvodu do problematiky uvádí konkrétní případy pro jednotlivé živočišné skupiny, přičemž nejvíce pozornosti věnuje ptákům. Jde o dílo nabité zajímavými vědeckými poznatky a občas také úsměvnými pasážemi, přibližujícími čtenáři vědecké metody devatenáctého století.

Darwinův spis podává další doklady pro vývojovou teorii, především pro vývoj člověka ze zvířecích předků. Patří do předvědeckého období zoopsychologie, kdy se přisuzovaly zvířatům duševní jevy existující jen u člověka.

Van de Rio Negro naar Buenos Aires - Charles Darwin Goedenavond, mrs. Thys - Jan Brokken Drie maanden in de West - W. Wijnaendts Francken-Syserinck Paaseiland: voorbij de branding van Rapa Nui - Paul Theroux Kongo - Redmond O'Hanlon Filfla - Boudewijn Büch Het dorp van Ratu Dinges - Johnny Frisbie Bot Pippel - Linda Polman De Kakaanse seismograaf - Benno Barnard

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Darwinův text přesvědčivě líčí obrovské drama, které se na naší planetě od nepaměti odehrává mezi všemi živými tvory. Darwinova kniha a z ní pramenící „darwinismus“ se staly jedním z největších dramat v dějinách lidské vzdělanosti. Kniha O původu druhů přírodním výběrem jestručným výtahem z rozsáhlého vědeckého díla, které v úplnosti nikdy nevyšlo tiskem. Ve zkráceném a ilustrovaném šestém vydání slavného díla pořadatel R. E. Leakey umožňuje i méně trpělivému čtenáři i čtenáři s menší představivostí proniknout do podivuhodné dílny živé přírody a do podstaty Darwinova učení.

Diese hochwertige Schuberausgabe versammelt die berühmten Hauptwerke von Charles Darwin: die bahnbrechenden Evolutionstheorien beim Menschen und den Tieren sowie die Reisebeschreibungen von Charles Darwins fünfjähriger Reise an Bord der HMS Beagle, die das Fundament für seine spätere Arbeit legten. • Die Abstammung des Menschen • Die Entstehung der Arten • Reise eines Naturforschers um die Welt

Nur wenige Wissenschaftler haben das Bild des Menschen so entscheidend verändert wie Charles Darwin, der Begründer der Evolutionstheorie. Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts schrieb er seine wegweisende 'Entstehung der Arten' und zettelte damit eine bis heute andauernde Debatte über die Stellung des Menschen an. Doch bereits bei ihrer Veröffentlichung wurde seine Theorie falsch verstanden und auf Bereiche übertragen, in denen sie nichts zu suchen hatte. Es ist an der Zeit, Darwin selbst zu lesen. Aus dem umfangreichen Werk hat Julia Voss die wichtigsten Stellen ausgewählt und kurz kommentiert. Mehr muss man von Darwin nicht gelesen haben, um mitreden zu können!

Pochi libri hanno avuto nella storia un’influenza tanto radicale, capillare e duratura come L’origine delle specie di Darwin. Rielaborato e meditato per quasi vent’anni nella quiete della campagna inglese, alla sua pubblicazione, nel 1859, questo capolavoro della letteratura moderna ha cambiato per sempre il nostro modo di vedere il mondo, segnando da allora un «prima» e un «dopo». La teoria della selezione naturale, proposta in queste pagine, è alla base della moderna biologia evoluzionistica, ma da molti decenni ormai è entrata a far parte del nostro bagaglio culturale più ampio, ben al di là del suo merito scientifico. E, come per tutti i classici, la sua attualità non tramonta e continua a stupire.

Ch. Darwin, který podal v pol. 19. stol. na základě bohatého materiálu, získaného průkopnickou prací vlastní i svých předchůdců, vědecký výklad o vývoji organického světa (O původu druhů, 1859) a vývoji člověka (Původ člověka a pohlavní výběr, 1871, dále O citovém projevu člověkaa zvířat), a jehož učení darwinismus, zbavený pavědeckého malthusiánství, se stal základním kamenem materialistického názoru na přírodu, nazval svou autobiografii Vzpomínky na vývoj mého ducha a charakteru. Byly tu vzpomínky psané pouze pro vlastní děti, bez úmyslu uveřejniti je. Pod titulem Vlastní životopis Ch.D. byla zveřejněny Darwinovým synem Francisem jako důležitý doplněk významných děl autora, jako pramen poznání způsobu, jakým došel Darwin k theoriím a názorům, jež pobouřily a vzrušily celý tehdejší svět. Jedná o strhující čtení o mořeplavbě, lovu, hledání manželky, sbírání brouků, psaní vědeckých tlustospisů, studiu petrklíčů, chovu holubů, plemenění králíků a dlouhodobé dušnosti.

L'idea che le specie fossero il risultato di un lungo processo di trasformazione si presentò a Darwin a partire dal 1832, durante il viaggio sul Beagle, e si concretizzò nell'immagine dell'albero della vita tracciata nei Taccuini della trasmutazione poco dopo il ritorno. Ma solo nel 1842, per la prima volta, il naturalista scrisse "un brevissimo riassunto", un abbozzo della sua teoria dell'evoluzione, che troverà la stesura completa diciassette anni dopo nella sua opera fondamentale, L'origine della specie. Proposizioni suggestive ma secche, fatti appena accennati, passi sintetici ma ricchi di informazioni rendono questo tema un'ottima introduzione al pensiero darwiniano.

Darwin wirft hier eine Reihe von Fragen auf, die in den Lebenswissenschaften derzeit kontrovers diskutiert werden: Wie unterscheidet sich erkenntnistheoretische von instrumenteller Rationalität? Haben Emotionen eine Bedeutung, die über das punktuelle Erleben hinausreichen? Und schließlich: Ist moralisches Verhalten ein menschliches Privileg? Die Beantwortung dieser Fragen hängt auch von der Bedeutung ab, die man der Sexualität einräumt. In diesem Band stellen ein Philosoph und ein Biologe als gemeinsame Herausgeber die wichtigsten Ausschnitte aus Darwins Werk in einer kommentierten Ausgabe bereit.