Geodynamics of the lithosphere

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The large-scale structure of the Earth is shaped by geodynamic processes, which are described through energetic, kinematic, and dynamic perspectives. While the term "geodynamic processes" encompasses a wide range of activities, the methods used to describe them are more defined. Energetic descriptions focus on the distribution of energy within the planet, often in terms of heat and temperature. Kinematic descriptions capture movements through velocities, strains, and strain rates, while dynamic descriptions explore the behavior of stresses and forces. In field studies, we primarily document the outcomes of geological processes, making it challenging to directly identify their underlying causes. To explain the tectonic evolution of the planet, we must interpret these driving forces through a dynamic description that aligns with our observations. Our goal is to connect causes and consequences—linking tectonic processes with field data. Typically, we employ equations to succinctly represent these natural processes and observations. Given our focus on large-scale tectonic issues, the observations we utilize will also be on a grand scale, such as the elevation and heat flow of mountain ranges, continental thickness, and ocean water depth.